Throughout the centuries there has been much debate over Song of Songs. Whether this piece of literature should be understood as simply literal or if there is a deeper meaning pointing to the relationship between Christ and His church. As we study Song of Songs chapter 5, I am convinced that there is benefit in using both hermeneutics. Chapter 5 is unique among the other chapters of this book, because it describes the first major disagreement between the two lovers.[1] Song of Songs 4:1-5:1 is about the wedding and their first night together. Chapter 5:2 is now a different scene, and what we find is the wife asleep in bed. However, she still has a level of consciousness probably directed towards her husband—“I was asleep but my heart was awake” (Song 5:2). Solomon then comes home in a way that seems to surprise his new wife. This concept is realized in verse 2 where he says, “open to me, my sister, my bride”. John Macarthur says regarding this passage, “It appears that Solomon returned home earlier than expected and wanted to give his bride a romantic surprise”.[2] Everything about this scene, so far, is romantic and perfectly showing the wonderful workings of marriage. That is until Solomon’s wife replies, saying, “I have taken off my dress, how can I put it on again? I have washed my feet, how can I dirty them again?” (Song 5:3). Her response then causes Solomon to leave the house and disappear into the night. The feeling that Solomon had which lead him to leave is not known from the text. The only thing that is communicated to us is the fact that Solomon had “turned away and had gone” (Song 5:6). The focus so far seems to be on Solomon’s wife, and for the rest of the chapter she is the character that we as readers follow. After Solomon’s departure, the bride regrets reposing at his invitation, and she then goes on a search for him. Song of Songs 5:6 says, “… I searched for him but I did not find him”. In her searching the watchmen find her wandering the streets. According to verse 7, the watchmen rough her up. This is definitely a possibility, considering that it was dark out and she would have had unfamiliar features, because she was a Shulamite (Song 6:13). Her experience was very different with the watchmen than what she encountered in her dream in chapter three. According to Song of Songs 3:1-4, she dreamt of searching for her beloved in the city and when the watchmen had found her they were unusually helpful. Quite contrary to what actually took place in chapter five. Finally, in verse 8 she comes across some women. It is important to note that when she meets these “daughters of Jerusalem”, she doesn’t complain about the guards (Song 5:8). Rather, she says to them: “for I am lovesick” (Song 5:8). Apparently finding her husband was of greater concern than the cruelty of the watchmen.
Looking closely at this song, one can almost feel the regret she had for not responding to Solomon’s romantic wooing. And one gets a real sense of the desperation she clearly felt as she searched for her husband in the night. There is another way to study this passage. That is to look at it as allegorical. I am convinced that it would be edifying to study this passage as it relates to Christ and His church. I want you, dear Christian, to think about the times in your life when you were lethargic in your walk with Christ. There are many things in this fallen world that beckons us to take our eyes off of Christ. Indeed there are times for us all when our love and zeal for the Lord cools down. Oh what a joy to know that even if “we are faithless, He remains faithful” (1Tim. 2:13). Those whom God has truly saved, He does not let go—Jesus said, “ I give eternal life to them, and they shall never perish; and no one shall snatch them out of My hand” (John 10:28).
Notice in verse 2 it says, “open to me, my sister, my darling”. This is a beautiful picture of Christ’s faithfulness and compassion. When we become stagnant in our faith, God does not abandon us. He comes in love and His words for us are tender. Also notice in verse 2, that her “heart was awake”. When we as Christians are not seeking Christ, our hearts become restless. Think about your life, about the times when you are preoccupied with the things of this world. Does this not ring true for you? That your heart still desires Him. You know that He alone satisfies. If a person can continue in sin, and never seek the Lord, and not feel any remorse than they ought to examine themselves as the Apostle Paul says, to see if they are “in the faith” (2Cor. 13:5). Once a person is born-again, only Jesus can satisfy their hearts.
There is a lesson to be learnt from the bride’s response to her husband’s romantic call. As we have already looked at, she makes excuses and remains in bed. Matthew Henry says regarding verse 3, “frivolous excuses are the language of a controlling laziness in matters of religious faith; Christ calls us to open up our lives to him, but we pretend we do not have the inclination, or the strength, or the time.”[3] Solomon then “extends his hand through the opening” (Song 5:4). Immediately after this, her feelings were “aroused for him” (Song 5:4). Isn’t it amazing that while we are in the midst of our negligence of cultivating our relationship with God, the Holy Spirit can shine in “our hearts to give the Light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Christ” (2Cor. 4:6). This amazing enlightening work of the Holy Spirit captivates the affections of our heart and gives us all the motivation we need for Christian living. This is what we find in the text. Her feelings “were aroused for him” (Song. 5:4). Immediately after verse 4, she gets out of bed to go to Solomon. As we know, Solomon had already turned away from the door. Verse 6 says, “I opened to my beloved, but my beloved had turned away and had gone! My heart went out to him as he spoke”. Henry says of this verse, “She did not open up to him at his first knock, and now she came too late. Christ wants to be sought while he may be found (Isa 55:6); if we let the opportunity pass, we may miss our means of access. Christ justly rebukes our delays and suspends his provision of assurance to those who are careless”.[4] What shall the Christian do while in this state? The answer lies in verses 10-16.
While regretting her foolishness, the bride focuses on her husband’s attributes. She remembers his character. Peter exhorts us saying, “prepare your minds for action, keep sober in spirit, fix your hope completely on the grace to be brought to you at the revelation of Jesus Christ” (1Peter 1:13). We ought to think upon Christ; His grace, His promises, and His beauty—just like the bride exults her husband. This perfectly depicts the heart of a regenerated sinner. The driving force behind true Christian faith, is that one may gain Christ. Surely the Christian is not without sin, but their heart is made new; and only the riches of Jesus Christ can satisfy them. I wonder if you Christian have ever found yourself in a state of depleted vitality in your faith, and then by the work of God you remember how Christ had so delighted your heart in the past when you were more diligent in seeking Him.
The church can certainly relate to the bride in this passage of scripture. May we as Christians listen and obey Christ when He speaks to our hearts. My prayer is that we will not find ourselves filled with regret at not heeding His tender calling. Praise God for His tender mercy, and how He treats us with love.
Macarthur, John. The Macarthur Bible Commentary. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. 2005
Henry, Matthew. The New Matthew Henry Commentary. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan 2010
[1] John Macarthur, The Macarthur Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. 2005), 749
[2] John Macarthur, The Macarthur Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson Inc. 2005), 749
[3] Matthew Henry, THE NEW MATTHEW HENRY COMMENTARY (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan 2010), 948
[4] Matthew Henry, THE NEW MATTHEW HENRY COMMENTARY (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan 2010), 949